Dog owners across the UK are being urged to remain vigilant for signs of leptospirosis, a serious bacterial disease that can transmit from pets to humans. The warning comes as cases typically surge following heavy rainfall and flooding – conditions common during the current season. The illness, caused by Leptospira bacteria, can prove fatal in dogs and trigger severe multi-organ complications in people.
Leptospirosis spreads through contact with infected urine from rats, livestock or other dogs. Dogs contract the disease by drinking contaminated water from puddles, drains or streams, or by licking infected urine. The bacteria can infiltrate the human body through broken or waterlogged skin, cuts, grazes or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose and mouth.
Humans face exposure through direct contact with animal urine or contaminated environments like canals, rivers and lakes. According to official UK Government guidance updated last year: «Leptospirosis is most commonly transmitted by water contaminated with urine, so outbreaks are often associated with heavy rainfall and flooding.»
Critical symptoms in dogs
Infected dogs may display vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing, jaundice, breathing difficulties and exhaustion. The disease attacks the kidneys, liver and other vital organs. Veterinary specialists at PDSA warn that timing is critical: «Sadly, a dog can die within just two days of showing symptoms, so contact your vet immediately if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above.»
Some dogs show minimal or no symptoms yet can still transmit the disease, PDSA experts note. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics, while vaccinations are available to prevent severe symptoms in dogs and other animals.
Human health risks
People infected with leptospirosis may experience diarrhoea, nausea, jaundice, high fever, body aches and headaches. The infection can develop into multi-systemic illness affecting multiple organs. While relatively rare in the UK, cases occur more frequently among those working with animals.
«Other high-risk occupations include military personnel, veterinary staff, pest control, construction, and canal workers,» states UK Government guidance. «Leptospirosis is also associated with water-based recreational activities including wild swimming and water sports.»
Eight protection measures
The UK Government has outlined eight key steps to reduce infection risk:
Wash hands thoroughly after contact with animals or potentially contaminated water. Clean wounds immediately after exposure and shower as soon as possible. Wear appropriate protective clothing when necessary and cover all cuts and grazes with waterproof plasters.
Vaccinate domestic dogs against leptospirosis. Avoid contact with rodents and implement prevention measures. Refrain from swimming and watersports in areas with high contamination levels.
Specialists at PetMD emphasize the disease's severity: «Leptospirosis is a serious zoonotic disease that affects dogs and humans, caused by the Leptospira bacteria and spread primarily through contaminated water. Symptoms vary widely, from mild to severe, and can affect the kidneys, liver, and other organs, making early veterinary attention critical.»
Note: This article was created with Artificial Intelligence (AI).
