Three healthy diets can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes across all ethnic groups, according to new research. The study analysed data from 826,000 people and found that following Mediterranean, DASH, or Alternative Healthy Eating Index diets offers protection regardless of ethnicity.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge examined 33 studies focusing on these three dietary approaches. All emphasise consuming more fruits, vegetables and whole grains as core components.
Diet benefits across ethnicities
The Mediterranean diet centres on olive oil, vegetables, fruit, nuts and fish consumption. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) emphasises fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy proteins and oils to prevent chronic disease.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet helps lower blood pressure through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean protein. It limits saturated fat, cholesterol and salt intake.
Significant risk reduction found
People in the top 10% for diet adherence showed significantly lower type 2 diabetes risk compared to the bottom 10%. The DASH diet reduced risk by 23%, whilst the Mediterranean diet lowered risk by 17% and AHEI by 21%.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin hormone fails to work properly, causing high blood sugar levels. Treatment often involves lifestyle changes including healthier eating and exercise to manage blood sugar without medication.
Universal benefits confirmed
The protective effects remained consistent across African, Asian, European and Hispanic ethnic groups. Researchers noted that "major ethnic groups benefit equally from higher adherence to these dietary patterns".
The findings strengthen evidence that these three dietary approaches can reduce type 2 diabetes risk across diverse populations. Researchers suggest these eating habits "can be promoted across all populations", though more research is needed for specific groups.
The study results will be presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes conference in Vienna this September.
(PA) Note: This article has been edited with the help of Artificial Intelligence.
